As is often the case, it has taken a tragedy (the sudden incapacity of Senator Tim Johnson) to highlight a problem. In this case, it is how, apart from the Presidency, there is no way to remove (temporarily or permanently) certain high government officials for any reason beyond malfeasance.
Twice in our history, we had presidents who were severely ill while in office, but in neither case was there any provision for their removal from office -- even temporarily. Woodrow Wilson suffered a massive stroke during his second term, and his wife (who, fortunately, was up to the task) appointed herself his assistant/substitute and kept the full details of his infirmity from the public. And Franklin Delano Roosevelt's health declined for five full years, through his last two elections, until the stress of both the presidency and coping with his own disabilities finally felled him.
But it took the assassination of President Kennedy to get the XXVth Amendment passed in 1965, which spelled out in crystal-clear detail not only the line and procedures for presidential succession, but also included measures for dealing with the disability -- both temporary and permanent -- of a president.
But it took Senator Johnson's attack -- at a time when his single seat in the United States Senate can change the balance of power in that house -- to bring to attention that there is very little that Congress can do to deal with the disability of one of its members. In most cases, the absence of a single member in a body of 100 (or, in the case of the House, 435) would not be that big of a deal. For example, during his run for the Presidency, John Kerry missed around 90% of roll calls, and there were very few calls for him to step down. (I am proud to say that I was one of those voices.)
The Constitution, in Article I, Section 5, does give Congress a certain limited power to regulate its own membership. It says, in part, that:
Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.
This is a power that it has rarely chosen to exercise, and for good reason: it is the sort of thing that is often exploited and abused in other nations. The Founding Fathers chose to make it a very difficult power to use by requiring a supermajority, and that seems a good principle.
As far as the Supreme Court, there are only three ways a Justice can be removed from office: death, resignation, or impeachment. There is a legal way to temporarily or permanently replace an incapacitated Chief Justice, but there is no way to deal with such befalling an Associate Justice.
With that in mind, I think it is time that we set up procedures for dealing with such events. With the advances in medical technology and human longevity, the chances of such things happening are ever-increasing, as we are now able to keep people alive longer, and after horrific injuries and ailments.
My suggestion is simple: by a 2/3 vote of any body, it may declare one of its own members physically incapable of performing the duties of their office and remove them from office, permitting the established procedures covering their replacement to take place. In the case of hte House of Representatives, there will be a special election to replace the Representative. In the case of the Senate, the governor of that state shall appoint a Senator until the next election. And in the case of the Supreme Court, the President shall nominate a new Justice for the Senate to confirm.
Yes, this power could be abused. But I think that the supermajority requirement, along with the possibilty that a wrongly-removed official could simply run to succeed themselves in office (and, if wrongly removed, have a healthy dose of public sympathy working in their favor), would go a long way towards preventing such incidents from happening.
I'm not enough of a legal expert to know if this would require a Constitutional amendment, but my first impression is no. There is already existing law governing the disability of a Chief Justice on the books that didn't require an amendment, so extending the same principle to an Associate Justice shouldn't be that big a deal. And the Constitution gives each House the power to remove its own members already, for malfeasance; this is also a logical extension of existing powers.
Naturally, I (along with many others) are hoping for Senator Johnson's recovery. Speaking personally, I don't recall having much of an opinion (or even knowledge) of him prior to his attack, but that works in his favor with me; it seems the more I know about a member of Congress, the more I am likely to dislike them.
But his illness has brought to light a weakness in our system of government, and we ought to address and resolve it while it has everyone's attention.
Comments (70)
How long do you think it wi... (Below threshold)1. Posted by Granddaddy Long Legs | December 16, 2006 7:57 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
How long do you think it will be before that "Lee" character shows up and insists that this is all the work of Karl Rove, the dark overlord of the universe?
Jay, you make some good points, but there's no way anyone is going to make any changes with such close margins in both Houses of Congress.
1. Posted by Granddaddy Long Legs | December 16, 2006 7:57 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 07:57
2. Posted by Brian the Adequate | December 16, 2006 8:23 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
I think your proposal has merit for the House and Senate, but the Supreme Court, given the lifetime appointments (a wronged justice can't run again to rectify the situation) and the small number of justices that constitute 2/3 of the body I could see the ability to vote off colleagues being abused.
2. Posted by Brian the Adequate | December 16, 2006 8:23 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 08:23
3. Posted by USMC Pilot | December 16, 2006 8:24 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
The Republicans have controled the House, Senate and WH for the last six years, and just how much conservative legislation has been accomplished? I realy don't see what difference it makes which party controls the senate. Neither one has enough seats to ram anything by the other party, no matter who sets the agenda.
I can't get very excited about having another ineffectual Republican senator sitting in the speakers office just so Nancy can't. At least she has the opportunity to prove what a looser she is while in the limelight. The Democrats are such a bunch of misfits, I doubt that they will be able to agree on anything, and we are all better off with them behind closed doors arguing with one another. Without a stong leader (ie. LBJ or Clinton) they will not be able to pull any agenda together.
3. Posted by USMC Pilot | December 16, 2006 8:24 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 08:24
4. Posted by nogo postal | December 16, 2006 8:55 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Strom T's last years showed that being brain dead is not a factor...Of course Dr. Frist should make that determination after seeing video evidence...
...remember we had a President with ALZ's..
4. Posted by nogo postal | December 16, 2006 8:55 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 08:55
5. Posted by robert the original | December 16, 2006 9:10 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
"Members of Congress, no matter how old or incapacitated, may serve as long as they are able to blink at least one eye in response to questions"
"The Constitution, an old but living part of a tree, shall be our guide. Members of the Supreme Court shall be considered living until the 80th year after the year their high school class would normally have graduated. Nominees of Republican Presidents shall be assumed to have turned liberal and their votes recorded in the most brain-dead manner available. Adult diapers may be issued at no cost to a Justice but shall not be required for stuffed panda bears substituted in rare public hearings".
5. Posted by robert the original | December 16, 2006 9:10 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 09:10
6. Posted by epador | December 16, 2006 9:24 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
I would think it might be up to each State how to deal with the question, but I'm no legal eagle.
6. Posted by epador | December 16, 2006 9:24 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 09:24
7. Posted by Farmer Joe | December 16, 2006 9:30 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Don't states have the ability to recall congresscritters? Schedule a recall election and remove the incapacitated officeholder.
7. Posted by Farmer Joe | December 16, 2006 9:30 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 09:30
8. Posted by Steve Crickmore | December 16, 2006 9:31 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Jay, that would mean a Democratic elected Senate would pass a constitutional amendment to allow a Republican Governor the power to appoint a replacement (perhaps himself) to fill the shoes of one of their own, the Democrat pro-choice Johnson, which would mean in practice, that the Dems would be voting themselves out of their precarious hold on Senatorial power..fat chance. Before Johnson's illness, the Republican Governor, the strict anti abortionist Mike Rounds, was already rumoured to be considering running for Johnson's Senate seat when he came up for re-election in 2008. Let's hope Johnson makes a full recovery.. and this doesn't become an issue, but if it does Oregon's way is better"
8. Posted by Steve Crickmore | December 16, 2006 9:31 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 09:31
9. Posted by wavemaker | December 16, 2006 9:33 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Jay, of course your proposed solution would not be effective in the hypothetical case of Sen. Johnson being incapacitated, because the Dems are not going to let the Republican Governor of SDAK name his replacement.
I-5 does appear to limit the power to do so only to cases of "disorderly behavior," and so the question is, does this language limit the body's ability to remove members for reasons other than that. I would argue that it does, and therefore an amendment is required. But that is an off-the-cuff educated guess, calling upon my fuzzy recollection of the rules of statutory construction.
I'd be pleased to hear a more scholarly opinion.
9. Posted by wavemaker | December 16, 2006 9:33 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 09:33
10. Posted by Steve Crickmore | December 16, 2006 9:52 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Sorry if my link didn't come through..The Oregon way is simply to hold a snap by-election if one of their senators must retire, as is done in Congress..That would seem the fairest 'small d' democratic way.
10. Posted by Steve Crickmore | December 16, 2006 9:52 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 09:52
11. Posted by jeff | December 16, 2006 9:52 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Too bad, sooo sad. Johnson's senate seat will stay a big D. There are several instances in history where a senator was too ill to leave his home state to vote in washington. There is one case there a republican senator was ill and offered to resign only if the governor of his state would appoint a fellow republican...the governor declined and the senator kept his seat.
I also wonder if the tables were turned, say the reps had a one seat senate lead and a republican had the same thing happen as happened to Johnson, would jay tea be looking to change the rule or law? I think not. You are not concerned that the right thing is done, you sinply want your political party to have more power. Simple as that.
11. Posted by jeff | December 16, 2006 9:52 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 09:52
12. Posted by DaveD | December 16, 2006 10:02 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
He essentially represents the constituency of South Dakota and has done nothing to breech the ethics rules of the Senate. It is the State's call. Just my opinion to reinforce that of epador's above.
12. Posted by DaveD | December 16, 2006 10:02 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 10:02
13. Posted by MItchell | December 16, 2006 10:15 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
That measure would "disenfranchise" the voters of South Dakota.
I would be in favor of the mechanism for removing an incapacitated senator at the state level.
13. Posted by MItchell | December 16, 2006 10:15 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 10:15
14. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 10:40 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Jay
Your proposal has merit, but there should be a very important proviso (probably requiring a Constitutional amendment) that the appointed replacement must be of the same party, regardless of the whims of a governor who my be from the other party. In that way, the will of the people of the affected state would be preserved. A governor of the opposite party should never be permitted to appoint according to his party affiliation, especially in a case like Johnson's where it would not only be contrary to the already expressed will of the state's electorate, but would initiate a profound national change in the outcome of that recent national election.
The alternate solution would be to amend the Constitution if necessary and require a new election, just as is the case in the House.
No governor should be handed the power to overturn, in effect, the national results of an election because he just happens to be in an unique position by party affiliation to do so.
The ultimate objective must be to preserve the will of the people, both in the affected state, and nationally in a case such as Johnson's.
No one could conceivably argue that maintaining the will of the people in their electoral choice is one of the most fundamental principles of our Constitution. Otherwise, the Founding Fathera would have peovided government by fiat.
Even though a Constitutional amendment is a long and arduous process, it is imperative to preserve the will of the peole.
14. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 10:40 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 10:40
15. Posted by VagaBond | December 16, 2006 10:58 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
remember we had a President with ALZ's..
.....Jimmy Carter?
15. Posted by VagaBond | December 16, 2006 10:58 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 10:58
16. Posted by Lee | December 16, 2006 11:06 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
...the appointed replacement must be of the same party, regardless of the whims of a governor who my be from the other party. In that way, the will of the people of the affected state would be preserved.
The political party of the disabled Senator is a representation of the will of that state's people at the time the Senator was elected, but not the will of the people today. In Ohio, for example, a Senator elected two years ago might be Republican, while today's will is Democratic.
A quick election seems like the most fair solution to me, and the replacement serves out the balance of the outgoing Senator's term.
16. Posted by Lee | December 16, 2006 11:06 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:06
17. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 11:14 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
VagaBond
Sorry V, your continued sliming of Carter does not change the fact that he won the Nobel Peace Prize...something none of you Repube prezzes will ever see.
Tho HW might receive an Oscar nomination for his performance at the recent Jeb Bush FL farewell.
OTH- You Repubes have not only the sole certified ALZ president, but a current one w/ severe dementia.
LBJ was fond of saying that someone was "thinner than piss on a hot rock." By that standard, Geo. W is thinner than piss on a hot sun.
17. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 11:14 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:14
18. Posted by Jay Tea | December 16, 2006 11:18 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Gee, ug, you bring up an interesting point. Who was the first president to win a Nobel Prize? Here's a hint: it was just about a century ago.
Carter's Nobel Prize is a joke -- much like most of the Peace Prize winners of the last couple of decades.
And ug, your tone is somewhat familiar. I think I might need to do a little investigating...
J.
18. Posted by Jay Tea | December 16, 2006 11:18 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:18
19. Posted by Lee | December 16, 2006 11:22 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
And it is worth noting that with the partisan political opportunism that is evident in a lot of places today surrounding Johnson's illness, not everyone is looking for ways to get/hold power. Mike Castle, a Republican from Delaware, seems to have his head on straight.
Overhead in Castle's office: "Senator Castle, I have Karl Rove calling for you, on line 4 -- and he, uhm.., seems a bit upset..."
(with a shout out to my homie Grandaddy Long Legs, who apparently likes to bug people - heh)
19. Posted by Lee | December 16, 2006 11:22 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:22
20. Posted by Jay Tea | December 16, 2006 11:29 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
I feel I should bring up two points here:
1) My piece was solely on vacating a seat. The method for re-filling that seat is another matter entirely. While I think there is a good discussion for how vacant Senate seats ought to be filled, that wasn't really considering that.
B) As painful as it is to admit, Lee is having a "blind pig" moment when he mentions that the political climate in a state can shift, and shift rapidly. Here in New Hampshire, both our Senators are Republicans. But last month, the Democrats swept pretty much other office -- held the governorship, took both House seats, and took both houses of our legislature and the Executive Council. So if something untoward were to happen to either Senator Gregg or Senator Sununu, the idea that our governor would be bound to appoint a Republican would be a bit odd.
All in all, I think an election would be a good thing. But it should be left up to the states.
J.
20. Posted by Jay Tea | December 16, 2006 11:29 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:29
21. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 11:31 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Lee
In regard to your reply....
As one of the 5 liberals in the state of Ohio, I could hardly but agree w/ you on that point.
All I would say is that maintaining the previous party choice of the state's electorate would be superior to handing that choice over to a governor who has fallen into an "accidental" position to do it by fiat.
I would suffer thru a GOP replacement for de Wine before I'd ever consider giving a fiat to a governor...especially a P.O.S. like the ex Secretary of State-OH-governor-wannabee vote- fixing Blackwell.
21. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 11:31 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:31
22. Posted by Darleen | December 16, 2006 11:38 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
your continued sliming of Carter
No one has to slime Carter; the little jew-hater is doing quite well on his own.
22. Posted by Darleen | December 16, 2006 11:38 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:38
23. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 11:43 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Jay
The flaw in leaving it up to the states, as you suggested, is the result that one state could inflict the its option, not just on itself, but on an entire nation. There is enough of that lopsidedness possible as a result of the inequities of the Electoral College. We don't need more of that invigorated with the introduction of Heinz 57 vasrieties of solutions for procedure on senatorial replacement.
For everyone to be equally enfranchised in this country there must be a certain degree of uniformity in procedure, particularly when the variant procedure affects the entire nation.
23. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 11:43 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:43
24. Posted by Jay Tea | December 16, 2006 11:47 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Ug, then you'd have to rewrite even more of the Constitution. The Several States have always had a certain latitude in a lot of matters, including running their own elections and choosing how they handle vacancies. It's just a matter of state's rights and limits on the power of the federal government.
J.
24. Posted by Jay Tea | December 16, 2006 11:47 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:47
25. Posted by Lee | December 16, 2006 11:51 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
I hear you Ug, and I agree that having the governor choose is not the best choice for the people, because it in no way reflects the will of the people with respect to the senate seat. The people may have decided they like Republican leadership at the state level, but Democratic represntation in the US Senate, and letting the governor choose the replacement for a US Senate seat seems stoopid.
As to Jay's suggestion for changing the way we deal with a disabling illness (or whatever incapacitation), what say we leave it up the that party's political leaders to determine the outcome -- and take away any possible political advantage for the opposition -- and thereby dis-incent Karl Rove from poisoning any Senators (high-five for G-Daddy LL).
25. Posted by Lee | December 16, 2006 11:51 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:51
26. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 11:53 AM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Jay
"One man, one vote" changed a lot of state laws about elections.
In that spirit, I think a constitutional amendment could be constructed. The reality of a multiple set of procedures, some being the result of gubernatorial choice, would be to give one man potentially the power of millions of votes.
I would think that a states' righter would put an even higher value on protection of individuals' rights to the extent that one tilts to libertarianism.
26. Posted by Ugnohooiam | December 16, 2006 11:53 AM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 11:53
27. Posted by JohnMc | December 16, 2006 12:18 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
No one could conceivably argue that maintaining the will of the people in their electoral choice is one of the most fundamental principles of our Constitution. Otherwise, the Founding Fathera would have peovided government by fiat.
Even though a Constitutional amendment is a long and arduous process, it is imperative to preserve the will of the peole.
Posted by: Ugnohooiam
Oh give me a break! 'The will of the people' canard gets rather old. Look the will of the people is expressed at every 2 and 4 year cycle by voting. After that it is in the hands of the representatives of government that were duly elected. That's why we call this country a Republic.
We don't elect our President by popular vote and that was instituted by the Founders. We until the 16th amendment did not directly elect Senators. that was done by whatever means was defined by the State constitution. If anything the 16th Amendment has been a diaster as it has eliminated the direct representation of the seveal States into the affairs of the Federal Govt.
To be blunt, you're an idiot.
27. Posted by JohnMc | December 16, 2006 12:18 PM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 12:18
28. Posted by Rob LA Ca. | December 16, 2006 12:22 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
" ..especially a P.O.S. like the ex Secretary of State-OH-governor-wannabee vote- fixing Blackwell."
Posted by: Ugnohooiam at December 16, 2006 11:31 AM
Uhhh sorry loser, voting fraud is standard opperating procedure of the dirtbag democrats.Plastic face Pelosi keeps getting busted trying to appoint the most criminal of your party. What a bunch of pathetic fiends.
28. Posted by Rob LA Ca. | December 16, 2006 12:22 PM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 12:22
29. Posted by JonnMc | December 16, 2006 12:31 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Tea,
Actually I oppose your suggestion on the grounds that it totally obliterates the provisions of the 17th amendment. My suggestion would be that the individual governors be premitted to declare the Seantor so afflicted as unable to perform their duties and then proceed with the special election as defined by the 17th Amend.
29. Posted by JonnMc | December 16, 2006 12:31 PM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 12:31
30. Posted by Lee | December 16, 2006 12:31 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
OT: The fashinonistas will note that both Jay and Darleen and wearing very nice Carter-inspired asshats.
Carter brokered peace in the Middle East, and a responsible long-term solution. The war-mongers on both sides of the accord just managed to derail it.
There are no Republicans today, in or out of office, that come even close to having the abilities to do what Carter did. Bush can't speak without having prepared remarks ("hey, Israeli dude..."), and none of the Republican leaders visible have any diplomatic skillz, while H. Clinton, Gore and Obama both show that they have the skillz and potential to broker a similar peace accord.
I've got errands to do, and since the recent remarks above from JohnMc and Rob indicate the Wiznut Konservative Klown Kar has screeched to a halt in the center ring and dumped off the usual load of red-nosed idiots I"ll sign off of this interesting discussion. It was fun while it lasted. G-Daddy LL - you are da man!
30. Posted by Lee | December 16, 2006 12:31 PM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 12:31
31. Posted by Jo | December 16, 2006 1:02 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
If it weren't for Habitat For Humanity, there would be little to say at the future Carter funeral. And the idiots who vote on the Nobel Peace Prize realized just talking about Habitat would be an embarrassment, so they threw him a bone for the pitiful old man who was one of the most inept presidents in our history.
Otherwise Carter would have the shortest funeral in history.
31. Posted by Jo | December 16, 2006 1:02 PM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 13:02
32. Posted by Darleen | December 16, 2006 1:04 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Carter brokered peace in the Middle East
Jaysus on a Pony... Lee enjoys himself a little revisionism almost as much as Jhimmi the jew-hater himself.
Sadat was the one that proposed the negotiations.
Diplomatic skills? Bolton has been highly effective at the UN but the Dems, in full emotional "screw-America we want to be Europeans" pique won't even consider his job performance.
Nothing says "sore winner" more than the refusal to admit they were wrong about Bolton.
32. Posted by Darleen | December 16, 2006 1:04 PM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 13:04
33. Posted by Jo | December 16, 2006 1:05 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
If Reagan had alzheimers during his presidency, it shows that one republican with a disease can accomplish more than any democrat ever could while in his right mind.
A sad commentary.
33. Posted by Jo | December 16, 2006 1:05 PM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 13:05
34. Posted by 914 | December 16, 2006 1:16 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
It's a little late in the game to be changing rule's! The governor decide's if necessary..
Carter? phewey that!
34. Posted by 914 | December 16, 2006 1:16 PM |
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Posted on December 16, 2006 13:16
35. Posted by Beeblebrox | December 16, 2006 1:26 PM | Score: 0 (0 votes cast)
Just an FYI
In the last 20 years, 8 senators have died in office.
During that period only 1 Democrat was replaced by a Republican. While 2 Republicans were replaced by Democrats (3 if you count Lincoln Chaffee ;-).
Are the Republicans now "due" so that it is fair?
To claim that it is somehow unfair for governors to appoint replacemen